According to the IDF Diabetes Atlas Tenth Edition 2021 report, the number of people living with diabetes is projected to soar to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. This chronic condition can lead to severe health complications, including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and amputations. Beyond the physical toll, diabetes often demands costly medical treatments and brings significant social and economic challenges. Addressing this global health concern requires coordinated efforts from individuals, governments, and the international community. To shed light on nine pressing questions about diabetes, we consulted Dr. Sharwari D Dua, a Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist.
Understanding Diabetes as a Lifestyle Disorder
Why has diabetes become so widespread in recent decades?
In recent years, diabetes has increasingly been recognized as a lifestyle disorder. The surge in cases is largely attributed to unhealthy habits, poor dietary choices, and rising obesity rates. Most type 2 diabetes patients struggle with obesity or being overweight. The correlation between an unhealthy lifestyle and diabetes is clear, as poor dietary habits and sedentary behaviors contribute to the growing prevalence of the disease.
Diabetes in the Past and Present
Was diabetes less common in earlier generations, or was it simply undiagnosed?
Diabetes comes in several forms, with type 1 and type 2 being the most common. Type 1 diabetes typically results from the absence of insulin due to genetic factors or autoimmune responses, while type 2 is often linked to lifestyle factors like obesity and insulin resistance. In previous generations, diabetes often went undiagnosed due to a lack of awareness and medical knowledge. Additionally, people led more active lifestyles and consumed less processed food, which likely helped prevent the disease.
Why Diabetes Continues to Rise
Why are we struggling to curb the rising incidence of diabetes?
The battle against diabetes is challenging due to a combination of undiagnosed cases, inadequate treatment, and a lack of awareness. Many individuals fail to make necessary lifestyle changes or adhere to treatment plans, leading to complications that are harder to manage over time. Regular health check-ups and strict blood sugar control can prevent complications and improve the quality of life for those with diabetes.
Is Diabetes Reversible?
Can diabetes be reversed, and if so, is the reversal permanent?
Recent research suggests that early diagnosis and prompt treatment can lead to diabetes remission, where blood sugar levels return to non-diabetic ranges. However, since diabetes, particularly type 2, is linked to autoimmune responses and lifestyle factors, it cannot be entirely reversed. Without ongoing treatment and lifestyle management, blood sugar levels can rise again.
Key Factors in Managing Diabetes
What roles do Western medicine, traditional medicine, diet, and lifestyle play in managing diabetes?
Management of diabetes, especially type 2, begins with lifestyle changes. Whether through Western or traditional medicine, diet control and regular physical activity are crucial. A balanced diet rich in proteins, vitamins, and healthy fats, combined with at least 150 minutes of exercise per week, forms the foundation of effective diabetes management. Medication may be necessary, but lifestyle adjustments remain key.
The Impact of Diabetes on Physical and Mental Health
What are the broader health implications of diabetes, including its effects on mental health?
Diabetes is a chronic illness that affects major organs such as the heart, kidneys, blood vessels, and nerves. It also has a significant impact on mental health, with research indicating that approximately 30% of diabetics experience depression. The chronic nature of the disease and its complications contribute to this increased risk.
Advice for Diabetics, Pre-diabetics, and Those with a Family History of Diabetes
What advice do you have for diabetics, pre-diabetics, and those with a family history of diabetes?
- Diabetics: Follow a diligent treatment plan and attend regular check-ups with your healthcare provider.
- Pre-diabetics: Early diagnosis and proactive lifestyle changes can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes.
- People with a family history of diabetes: Given the genetic predisposition, it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle, eat a nutritious diet, avoid processed foods, and exercise regularly to manage weight and reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels
Should we continuously monitor blood glucose levels, or are there other metrics that are more relevant?
Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is crucial, particularly for those on insulin therapy, to avoid hypoglycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices can provide 24-hour tracking, offering better control for those with uncontrolled diabetes. The HbA1c test, which shows average blood sugar levels over the past three months, is also a valuable tool for adjusting treatment plans.
The Role of Insulin in Diabetes Management
Is there a way to avoid reliance on insulin injections, or to stop using them once started?
Insulin remains one of the most effective treatments for managing diabetes, particularly in critical conditions. While some fear that starting insulin means lifelong dependency, this is a misconception. Insulin can help stabilize high blood sugar levels, and with proper management and education, its use can be both effective and manageable. In some cases, insulin use can be reduced or discontinued, but it’s important to approach this under medical supervision.
Conclusion ...
This comprehensive exploration of diabetes highlights the complexity of the disease and the importance of a multifaceted approach to its management. By staying informed and proactive, individuals can better navigate the challenges posed by diabetes and improve their overall health and well-being.
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